BGP is the Routing protocol between linked and autonomous systems. The main function of a system that uses BGP is to exchange information about the accessibility of the network with all the other BGP systems. This information includes the complete path to the autonomous systems that the traffic has to cover to get to those networks. This information is sufficient to build a linked map of SA, from which we can remove some routing branches and take decisions based on access to the level of SA.

HTTP is a generic software protocol for distributed and cooperative systems of hypermedia information. This protocol can be used for other types of tasks besides hypertext, such as DNS, distributed objects management system, via the extension of its request methods, errors codes and headers. One of HTTP's main characteristics is its ability to negotiate the representation of information, which allows for the construction of systems no matter what information is transmitted.

he SSL protocol works between the TCP/IP Protocol layers and the HTTP or IMAP Protocols application layers. It allows the authentication between server-client, and client-server, and the possibility of negotiating the type of encryption to use for the connection. These capabilities cover some of the current concerns in communication over the Internet and the identity of the server, which is important when transmitting credit card numbers and other sensitive information such as; the identity of the client when sending bank statements.

The Apache server is a safe, efficient and extensible Open-Source HTTP Server that provides standardised HTTP services. The most popular server since 1986, the Apache server hosts 66% of all web sites. Available for almost all platforms, Apache server version 2.0 supports threads in Unix systems, various protocols, IPV6, errors in various languages, native support for Unicode in MSW and a library of Regular Expressions in accordance with Perl5, amongst others.

The SSH protocol consists of a collection of tools for safe network connections, such as remote access and file copying. The emphasis of this protocol is on security, with encryption in all sent packets including passwords, in order to eliminate eavesdropping, impersonation attacks and other network attacks. SSH contains several authentication methods and innumerable tunnelling possibilities, and runs remote applications through encrypted links.

DNS is a distributed service on the Internet used to translate domain names in IP addresses and visa-versa, in order to give access to the configured services in those domains, such as HTTP or E-Mail. The DNS service allows one to configure several services in your domain, making its physical location transparent.

VPN's goal is to assure the transmission of information over a network in a safe and restricted way to a specific set of users, independent of its physical location. This technology uses a tunnelling system that encapsulates the protocol packets into another protocol. There are several protocols used to encapsulate the packets, making it possible to create VPN's through the Internet or to change two or more distinct internal networks into one single network through your provider network, dedicated lines or wireless networks.

Given the limited number of IP addresses and the expansion of the Internet, it is no longer possible to allocate addresses to the computers that want to be in contact with the Internet. NAT solves this problem and establishes a connection between virtual addresses and one or more real IP addresses. The virtual addresses are a set of addresses that can be used in different networks, and all the services requested of these addresses are kept in a table for NAT, which routes the responses to the correct user.

Firewalls are systems or groups of systems that control the access between two networks. The existing types of firewalls vary, as well as their methods for this kind of control, but two principles are common to all: permissions to access and deny access. Services such as HTTP or E-Mail may be granted access permissions, while FTP services and remote access may be suppressed, depending on the configuration, which is based on the network's security needs.